The High Council in Animated is made up of representatives from each of the guilds that govern civilian life on Cybertron. Perceptor is head of the science guild, Cliffjumper is head of the intelligence guild (taking the place of Longarm after he got outed as Shockwave), and other known guilds include transportation, entertainment, maintenance, and commerce; we don’t know who their heads are, but we do know Botanica is also on the council. Alpha Trion is the collective head of all these “domestic” guilds, and the acting Magnus serves as council chairman. The council is in charge of the military – not the other way ‘round, despite what Sentinel Prime would like!
This is the only continuity that this particular form of government has been seen in. Animated is a rather unique case, of course, since it represents a post-war Cybertron where the Autobots comfortably and safely rule the planet, and society ISN’T dominated by the need to fight Decepticons.